Exploring the animal kingdom unveils a remarkable collection of species whose names begin with the letter ‘N.’
Each of these animals plays a vital role in its ecosystem, from the armoured Numbat to the deep-diving Narwhal. Understanding animals that start with ‘N’ opens a window into their biology and the roles they play in maintaining ecological balance.
Alphabetical lists, such as those featuring animals, highlight the incredible diversity of species adapted to various habitats around the world. Beyond being a simple organisational tool, the animal alphabet reflects a methodical approach to studying and cataloguing wildlife.
Animals like the nocturnal Nightingale, the formidable Nile Crocodile, and the industrious North American Beaver are not only identified by their names but also by their distinct behaviours and environments.
These alphabetical entries act as guides for deeper investigation into each species, ranging from those commonly known to those that face conservation challenges. Listing animals in this way offers a clear, scientific perspective and an organised framework for learning.
From the smallest Nematode to the elegant Nyala, the list of animals beginning with ‘N’ provides an educational resource that helps us appreciate the vast variety of life on Earth.
It underscores the idea that every species, regardless of its position in the alphabet, plays a crucial part in the intricate web of biodiversity.
Newt.
The newt is a small amphibian known for its striking colours and remarkable ability to regenerate lost body parts, including limbs, organs, and even parts of its heart. Found in cool, moist environments across North America, Europe, and Asia,
newts are known for their seasonal colour transformation during breeding, which contrasts with their more subdued appearance on land. They are semiaquatic, meaning they transition through various life stages, including an aquatic larval stage, a terrestrial juvenile stage (called an eft), and an adult stage.
Habitat.
Newts thrive in environments that offer both aquatic and terrestrial areas, allowing them to move between these habitats depending on their life stage.
Lifespan.
Newts typically live between 6 and 15 years.
Diet.
Their diet consists mainly of insects and larvae.
Newts play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey. However, they face threats from habitat destruction and pollution, making conservation efforts essential for protecting vulnerable species.
Night Adder.
The Night Adder (Caucus spp.) is a venomous snake found across Africa. Despite what its name suggests, this snake is primarily active during the day. It has a slender, streamlined body and primarily feeds on amphibians, particularly frogs and toads.
Night Adders lay clutches of around 24 eggs. Currently classified as “Least Concern” by conservation authorities, this species faces no immediate threats to its population. Its adaptability has allowed it to thrive in a range of habitats across the African continent.
Night Snake (Hypsiglena torquata).
The Night Snake, part of the Colubridae family, is a small, mildly venomous species native to North America. It is easily identified by its triangular-shaped head and pale grey or beige body, often marked with dark grey or brown blotches along its back.
As a nocturnal hunter, the Night Snake feeds primarily on lizards, frogs, and insects, using its rear fangs and mild venom to capture and subdue its prey.
Key Features:
- Conservation Status: Least Concern
- Habitat: North America
- Diet: Lizards, frogs, insects
- Physical Traits: Triangular-shaped head, pale grey/beige with blotches
- Venom: Mildly venomous, harmless to humans
Despite being venomous, Night Snakes pose no significant threat to humans. Their population is stable, with estimates exceeding 100,000, classifying them as a species of “Least Concern” in terms of conservation efforts.
Nile Crocodile.
The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is a powerful predator found in freshwater regions throughout Africa. With a conservation status of Least Concern, these reptiles dominate their habitats, primarily preying on fish, birds, and sometimes larger mammals.
Classification:
Category Information
- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Class Reptilia
- Order Crocodylia
- Family Crocodylidae
- Genus Crocodylus
- Species C. niloticus
Nile crocodiles are recognized by their V-shaped snouts and immense jaw strength, adaptations vital for their survival. Known for their complex behaviours, including cooperative hunting, they play a key role as apex predators and keystone species in maintaining the balance of their ecosystems.
Narwhal.
The narwhal (Monodon monoceros), often called the “unicorn of the sea,” is a unique Arctic whale best known for the long, spiral tusk that extends from its head.
This tusk is actually an elongated upper left canine, which can grow up to 10 feet in length. Primarily found in males, it is believed to serve functions in mating displays and establishing dominance.
Narwhals inhabit the icy waters of the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. Their diet consists mainly of fish, shrimp, and squid, and they use echolocation to navigate and hunt in the dark,
ice-covered ocean. Currently listed as near threatened, narwhals face increasing risks due to climate change, which could eventually elevate them to endangered status.
Nautilus.
The nautilus is a marine mollusk known for its iconic spiral shell, which is made up of several chambers. It belongs to the family Nautilidae and is closely related to octopuses, squids, and
cuttlefish. Nautiluses are typically found in tropical coral reef environments, living at depths of up to 2,000 feet, as they avoid the warmer shallow waters.
Key Characteristics:
- Depth Range: Prefers deep slopes near coral reefs
- Shell Chambers: Used for buoyancy control
- Tentacles: Possesses up to 90 tentacles for capturing prey
With a simple but efficient jet propulsion system, nautiluses are adept at moving through their deep-sea environments. Considered “living fossils,” they have remained relatively unchanged for millions of years and play an important role in ocean ecosystems as scavengers.
Needlefish.
Needlefish, members of the Belonidae family, are slender, elongated marine fish known for their long, beak-like jaws lined with sharp teeth. These fish are commonly found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world, often gliding near the water’s surface at night while hunting.
Primarily piscivorous, needlefish use their pointed snouts to impale prey. With their iridescent blue-green colouring, they can grow to over a metre in length. Although needlefish are generally
classified as of “Least Concern” in terms of conservation, they can be dangerous due to their attraction to light, which may lead to accidental encounters with humans. Their sharp snouts can
cause serious injuries, so caution is recommended when near them.
Neon Tetra.
The Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) is a brightly coloured freshwater fish native to the streams of the Amazon basin in South America. Known for their vibrant, iridescent hues,
they are a favourite in tropical aquariums around the globe. Neon Tetras thrive in warm, slightly acidic waters with subdued lighting and plenty of plants for cover.
- Size: Small, typically reaching up to 1.5 inches.
- Diet: Omnivorous, feeding on algae, small invertebrates, and fish flakes in captivity.
- Aquarium Conditions: Best kept at temperatures between 72-76°F with a pH of 6.0-7.0.
Their peaceful nature and tendency to school make them an excellent choice for community tanks, adding to their widespread popularity among aquarium enthusiasts.
Nile Perch.
The Nile perch (Lates niloticus) is a freshwater fish native to the inland waters of Africa, recognized for its impressive size and its dense populations in favourable habitats.
This species thrives across various tropical freshwater environments, including rivers and deep lake areas, but avoids swamps and the open pelagic zone. A dominant piscivore, it preys on smaller fish and invertebrates.
Its wide distribution spans the Nile River basin, other river systems, and the African Great Lakes, showcasing its adaptability and role as a top predator in these ecosystems.
Natterjack.
The Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) is easily identified by a yellow stripe running down its back. These amphibians inhabit sandy environments near coastal regions throughout Eurasia, particularly in Western Europe.
Known for their distinct mating call and rapid crawling movement, Natterjacks are primarily nocturnal, feeding on insects such as worms and spiders. Conservation efforts focus on protecting their fragile dune habitats, as these toads face threats from habitat loss.
Nightingale.
Scientific Name: Luscinia megarhynchos
The nightingale is a small bird celebrated for its powerful and melodious song. It belongs to the Muscicapidae family and can be found across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa.
These birds favour dense forests and shrublands for their habitat. As migratory creatures, nightingales spend their winters in sub-Saharan Africa.
Diet:
- Fruits
- Nuts
- Seeds
- Insects
Nightingales are often heard rather than seen, as they are elusive in nature. They typically forage on the ground during dawn or dusk. Despite facing some habitat loss, their population remains stable, and they are not currently considered at risk of extinction.
Nightjar.
Nightjars are nocturnal birds famous for their incredible camouflage and insectivorous diet, catching prey like moths and flies while in flight.
They belong to the Caprimulgidae family and can be found across various regions, including North and South America. Nightjars are adapted to life in low-light conditions and have muted plumage that blends seamlessly with their woodland surroundings.
Diet:
- Ants
- Beetles
- Caterpillars
- Grasshoppers
- Midges
- Mosquitoes
Habitat:
- Woodlands
- Savannas
- Shrublands
Because of their cryptic appearance and nocturnal behaviour, estimating the population of nightjars is challenging, making conservation assessments difficult. However, protecting their natural habitats is crucial for their survival.
Northern Bobwhite.
The Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a ground-dwelling bird native to North America, known for its distinctive, whistling “bob-white” call. It features a mottled brown plumage, providing excellent camouflage in its natural environment. These birds typically live in flocks and thrive in grassy or pine-dominated habitats.
- Conservation Status: Near Threatened
- Habitat: Grasslands, Woodlands
- Behaviour: Social, flock-oriented
Despite their adaptability, Northern Bobwhite populations have been in decline due to habitat destruction and shifts in land use. Conservation initiatives focus on habitat restoration and research to address these declines.
Northern Cardinal.
The Northern Cardinal is a medium-sized songbird known for its striking appearance and melodic songs. Measuring between 8.3 and 9.3 inches in length with a wingspan of up to 12.2 inches, the species is easily identified by its prominent crest and bright coral beak. Males exhibit a brilliant red plumage, while females are olive-brown with red accents. This species shows sexual dimorphism, with males generally larger than females. Native to North and Central America, Northern Cardinals are commonly found at woodland edges and in gardens, where they primarily feed on seeds, fruits, and insects.
- Body Length: 8.3-9.3 inches
- Wingspan: 9.8-12.2 inches
- Diet: Seeds, fruits, insects
- Habitat: Woodland edges, gardens
Northern Flicker.
The Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) is a member of the woodpecker family, Picidae. It is easily recognized by its brown plumage adorned with black bars and a distinctive white rump visible during flight. This bird primarily feeds on ants and beetles, foraging mainly on the ground.
Habitat
- Central and North America
- Woodlands, edges, and clearings
Conservation Status
- Least Concern
Identifying Traits
- Size: Larger than most woodpeckers
- Bill: Slightly curved, ideal for extracting insects
Unlike many of its woodpecker relatives, the Northern Flicker has adapted to foraging on the ground, highlighting its unique ecological role among bird species.
Northern Harrier.
The Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius) is a distinctive bird of prey recognized for its graceful, low gliding flight over open landscapes. This raptor features a slender body and can have a wingspan of up to 1.2 metres, characterised by its unique V-shaped wing position.
Adapted for hunting, it has a facial disk similar to that of owls, which enhances its ability to locate sounds. Male Northern Harriers have grey plumage, while females and juveniles display a rich brown colour.
They are commonly found throughout North America, preferring marshes and meadows as nesting sites. Their diet mainly consists of small mammals and birds, which they skillfully capture during aerial hunts. Conservation status: Least Concern.
Northern Jacana (Jacana spinosa).
The Northern Jacana is easily recognized by its long toes and claws, which allow it to walk gracefully across floating vegetation in its wetland habitat. This bird is commonly found in Mexico, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean. While it primarily feeds on insects, it also eats mollusks and seeds.
Habitat:
- Coastal regions
- Freshwater wetlands
Conservation Status:
Least Concern
Breeding:
- The male incubates the eggs for 22-24 days.
- The male also tends to the downy chicks after they hatch.
Interestingly, the Northern Jacana displays a unique role reversal in parenting, where males take full responsibility for incubating eggs and raising the young. These birds are adept at navigating their marshy environments, helping to maintain their classification as Least Concern. However, the preservation of their habitat remains crucial to ensure their long-term survival.
Northern Parula.
The Northern Parula (Setophaga americana) is a small, colourful warbler characterised by its striking blue-grey and yellow plumage. It favours moss-covered forests for breeding, with a range that extends from Florida up to southern Canada.
This warbler primarily feeds on insects, which it catches while darting through the treetops. Classified as Least Concern, its population is currently stable. The Northern Parula’s song is a distinctive buzzy trill, most prominent during the breeding season.
However, its survival is closely linked to the health of its habitat, making ecosystem monitoring crucial to ensuring their continued success.
Northern Pintail.
The Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) is a graceful duck recognized by its elongated tail feathers and sleek profile. Belonging to the Order Anseriformes and the Family Anatidae, this migratory species is found across several continents. It thrives in diverse habitats, from wetlands to grasslands.
Like the Northern Parula, the Northern Pintail is classified as Least Concern, with stable populations. During the breeding season, they rely on invertebrates, playing an essential role in maintaining local ecosystems.
Their widespread presence underscores their adaptability and highlights the importance of global conservation efforts to protect their habitats.
Northern Potoo (Nyctibius jamaicensis).
The Northern Potoo is a nocturnal bird known for its exceptional ability to blend into its surroundings. Its cryptic plumage makes it nearly invisible during the day, as it mimics tree bark to avoid detection. At night, it becomes an active predator, hunting flying insects.
Native to Central America, this species is currently listed as “Least Concern” in terms of conservation status.
Key Features:
- Conservation Status: Least Concern
- Habitat: Central America
- Behaviour: Primarily solitary or found in pairs
- Diet: Feeds mostly on insects, with occasional consumption of small birds
- Reproduction: Lays eggs in tree hollows or on stumps
The Northern Potoo’s ability to perch in a way that resembles a broken tree branch is an effective defence mechanism against predators. Although elusive, these birds play an important role in maintaining insect populations in their ecosystems.
Northern Screamer (Chauna chavaria).
The Northern Screamer, also known as the Chavaria, is a member of the Anhimidae family and is native to South America. This near-threatened species is commonly found in freshwater marshes and along lakeshores. It is easily recognized by its large, goose-like body and long neck. Its mostly grey feathers are accented by distinct white patches on its wings, visible when in flight.
Diet:
- Aquatic vegetation
- Roots
- Stems
- Grasses
- Seeds
Mating Habits:
- Monogamous pairs
Conservation Status:
- Near Threatened
The Northern Screamer faces significant threats due to habitat destruction and hunting, leading to growing concerns among conservationists. These birds play a vital role in their ecosystems by helping to disperse the seeds of aquatic plants.
Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon).
- Conservation Status: Least Concern
- Order: Squamata
- Family: Serpentes
- Habitat: Freshwater environments
- Diet: Carnivorous, primarily feeding on fish and amphibians
The Northern Water Snake, widely distributed across North America, thrives in freshwater habitats such as lakes, rivers, and marshes.
This nonvenomous snake displays a variety of colours, ranging from brown to reddish or grey, with dark crossbands around the neck and blotches along the body. As the snake matures, these markings may fade.
Northern Water Snakes are skilled hunters, feeding on fish and amphibians. They play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance by helping control the populations of their prey.
Neapolitan Mastiff.
The Neapolitan Mastiff, known as the Mastino Napoletano in Italian, descends from a lineage of powerful guard dogs originating from central Italy.
Officially recognized in 1949, this breed is the embodiment of a strong and capable guardian. With its massive build, abundant loose skin, and calm yet alert nature, the Neapolitan Mastiff stands out among dog breeds.
Key Characteristics:
- Size: Large
- Temperament: Protective, Calm
- Lifespan: 8 to 10 years
- Primary Role: Guard dog
Historically, these mastiffs were employed by the Romans in warfare. Today, they serve primarily as devoted family protectors and companions, demonstrating unwavering loyalty.
Despite their intimidating appearance, Neapolitan Mastiffs are known for being gentle and affectionate with those they trust.
Nebelung.
The Nebelung cat is a distinctive breed that closely resembles a long-haired Russian Blue, sporting a sleek silver-blue coat that shimmers. They are known for their gentle temperament and
affectionate nature, thriving on companionship and forming strong bonds with their human family. Genetically related to the Russian Blue, Nebelungs share similar traits in both appearance and personality. Their regal appearance, paired with a plush double coat, makes them a favourite
among cat enthusiasts. Regular grooming is essential to keep their luxurious fur in top condition. Intelligent and loyal, they tend to connect deeply with a specific person in the household. These cats prefer calm environments and enjoy interactive play to keep both their minds and bodies active.
Newfoundland.
Hailing from Canada’s Newfoundland, the Newfoundland dog is famous for its strength, loyalty, and exceptional swimming abilities.
These large, gentle dogs have a water-resistant double coat and webbed feet, which contribute to their prowess in the water. Historically, they assisted fishermen by hauling in nets and rescuing people from drowning.
Their calm demeanour, combined with intelligence, makes them wonderful family pets, while their strong work ethic and size suit them well for search and rescue roles.
Known for their sociable nature, Newfoundlands thrive on human companionship, further solidifying their reputation as both hard-working dogs and beloved family members.
Newfypoo.
A crossbreed between a Newfoundland dog and a Poodle, the Newfypoo is recognized for its intelligence, friendly nature, and considerable size. Weighing between 70 and 150 pounds,
Newfypoos are known for being gentle, making them well-suited to families with children and other pets. However, their thick, often oily coats require regular grooming to prevent matting and maintain
cleanliness. As a mixed breed, the traits of individual Newfypoos can vary depending on the characteristics inherited from their parent breeds. These dogs tend to thrive in environments where they have ample space and opportunities for physical activity.
Norwegian Buhund.
The Norwegian Buhund is a medium-sized dog from the Spitz family, easily recognizable by its fox-like features and robust build. Originating in Norway, this breed was developed as a versatile farm dog, excelling in herding livestock and guarding homes. The Norwegian Buhund has deep roots in Scandinavian history, often linked to Viking explorers.
Key Characteristics:
- Size: Medium
- Coat: Thick, weather-resistant
- Temperament: Energetic, alert, and loyal
Historically, the Norwegian Buhund played an essential role in rural Norwegian life, showcasing its strong work ethic and intelligence. These qualities make the breed a great fit for active individuals today.
Conservation Status: Not listed
This breed thrives in temperate to cold climates, thanks to its dense coat. However, due to their high energy and intelligence, proper exercise, care, and socialisation are vital for their well-being.
Norwegian Forest.
In the verdant forests of Norway, one might expect to encounter a “Norwegian Forest dog,” but this term is actually misleading. There is no specific breed of dog associated with Norway’s woodlands by that name.
Instead, the canines most representative of Norway are breeds like the Norwegian Elkhound, a hardy dog historically used for hunting elk and protecting homes.
The Norwegian Elkhound reflects the deep connection between the people of Norway and their environment, embodying qualities like strength, adaptability, and intelligence, all essential for thriving in Norway’s diverse and rugged landscapes.
The forests of Norway, rich in biodiversity, stand as a symbol of the nation’s natural heritage and the critical role that dogs have played in its history.
Norwegian Elkhound.
The Norwegian Elkhound, native to Norway, is a resilient breed with deep roots in Viking history. As a Spitz-type dog, it is recognized for its silver-grey coat and a tail that curls tightly over its back. Standing at approximately 20 inches at the shoulder, this breed’s thick fur is well-suited to withstand the cold.
Key Characteristics:
- Height: Around 20 inches
- Coat: Dense, silver-grey
- Tail: Tightly curled over the back
Temperament:
Known for its loyalty and bravery, the Norwegian Elkhound is an exceptional hunter, often used to track large game like elk. Its protective nature makes it an excellent guard dog, and it thrives in environments that offer plenty of physical activity.
Care Requirements:
Because of their energetic disposition, Norwegian Elkhounds need regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. Their thick coats also require consistent grooming to keep them in good condition. With their versatility and strong instincts, Norwegian Elkhounds remain cherished companions, both in the past and present.
Norwegian Lundehund.
The Norwegian Lundehund, native to the island of Værøy, is a unique small Spitz breed known for its distinctive physical traits.
Its exceptional flexibility and six-toed paws were originally developed for navigating steep, rocky cliffs while hunting puffins.
Although these dogs are no longer used for hunting due to the protection of puffins, they have adapted well to life as companion animals.
Known for their agility and problem-solving abilities, Lundehunds have a cheerful temperament and are well-suited to active households.
- Flexibility: Outstanding joint rotation
- Toes: Six on each paw
- Origin: Værøy, Norway
- Purpose: Historically puffin hunting; now a companion
- Temperament: Bright, friendly
Norwich Terrier.
The Norwich Terrier, originating from England, is a small but robust breed. Known for being active and courageous, these dogs have a wiry coat that comes in a variety of colours, including red,
black and tan, or grizzle. Standing at no more than 10 inches at the shoulder and weighing between 11 and 12 pounds, Norwich Terriers pack a lot of energy into their small frame.
- Lifespan: 12-15 years
- Temperament: Affectionate, alert, and sometimes stubborn
- Health: Prone to hip dysplasia, eye problems, and upper airway syndrome
Despite their small size, Norwich Terriers are energetic and have a strong prey drive due to their history of hunting vermin.
They thrive in active families and need regular mental stimulation and physical exercise. Grooming includes regular brushing and occasional coat stripping to maintain their distinctive texture. As social pets, they form close bonds with their owners and exhibit a happy and lively personality.
Nabarlek.
The Nabarlek (Petrogale concinna) is a small marsupial native to northern Australia, classified within the rock-wallaby family. These creatures typically lead a solitary existence and are notable for their distinctive dental features,
with molars that continuously grow from the back, similar to those of sharks. However, unlike their oceanic counterparts, Nabarleks are small and nocturnal.
Conservation Status:
- Category: Endangered
- Primary Threats: Habitat loss and predation
Characteristics:
- Diet: Herbivorous
- Habitat: Rocky outcrops
- Behaviour: Solitary
- Reproduction: Joeys remain in the pouch
Conservation efforts are vital to protect the Nabarlek and ensure the survival of this vulnerable species.
Naegleria.
Naegleria is a genus of free-living amoebae found in warm, freshwater habitats around the world. This group consists of 47 species and features a complex life cycle that includes amoeboid, cyst, and flagellated stages.
Among them, Naegleria fowleri is infamously known as the “brain eating amoeba” and poses a rare but serious risk to humans, leading to severe infections. While these protists primarily consume bacteria, they are technically classified as amoeboflagellate rather than true amoebas.
Researchers are interested in Naegleria for its remarkable adaptability to various environments and its ability to switch between different life stages.
Nelore Cattle.
Nelore cattle (Bos indicus), originating from India, thrive in tropical climates. They are easily recognized by the prominent hump over their shoulders and their silver-white coats.
One of their notable physical features is their long legs, which help them graze in waterlogged areas.
With a population of roughly five million, Nelore cattle are a major force in beef production, contributing to around 65% of the global beef supply.
These cattle have a calm demeanour and a gestation period of approximately 291 days, typically producing one calf per birth.
Netherland Dwarf Rabbit.
The Netherland Dwarf Rabbit is a small breed, with adults typically weighing between 1.1 and 2.5 pounds. Native to the Netherlands, these rabbits have a compact build, characterised by short, muscular legs, a round face with large eyes, and erect ears.
Their fur comes in a variety of colours and patterns. Despite their tiny size, Netherland Dwarfs are known for their lively and energetic nature.
They require plenty of space for exercise and thrive on a diet that includes hay, fresh vegetables, and controlled amounts of pellets. Their small size and adorable appearance make them popular pets and show animals around the world.
New Hampshire Red Chicken.
The New Hampshire Red chicken, a breed of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), was developed in the early 20th century in the United States from the Rhode Island Red.
This breed is known for its rapid growth and early maturity, as well as its meaty carcass and more triangular body shape.
New Hampshire Reds have a broad, deep body, giving them a large, plump appearance, with feathering that tends to be a lighter shade of red compared to their Rhode Island ancestors.
These hardy birds are well-suited to a range of environments and are highly valued for their reliable egg production.
Nicobar Pigeon.
The Nicobar Pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica) is a fascinating bird, renowned for being the closest living relative of the extinct dodo. It stands out with its striking iridescent plumage, featuring mostly green feathers with copper accents.
This pigeon is native to regions of Asia and Oceania, where it lives in flocks, inhabiting dense forests. Foraging primarily on the ground, it feeds on seeds and small invertebrates.
Sadly, the Nicobar Pigeon is classified as ‘Near Threatened’ by the IUCN due to habitat destruction and predation from invasive species. Urgent conservation efforts are needed to safeguard this unique species from further decline.
Nguni Cattle.
Nguni cattle are a hardy and adaptive breed native to Southern Africa, known for their resilience and beautifully patterned coats. These cattle are well-suited to the region’s challenging environment, showing strong resistance to local diseases and parasites, which makes them low-maintenance and ideal for farmers.
Key Characteristics:
- Origin: Southern Africa
- Resistance: High immunity to local diseases and parasites
- Uses: Agriculture, cultural significance
- Temperament: Docile
Selective breeding has produced a wide range of vibrant coat patterns, which have enhanced their appeal and cultural value among the Nguni people. Primarily raised for their meat and hides,
Nguni cattle are a cornerstone of the local economy. Their sociable nature and herd behaviour make them essential to community-driven farming, supporting sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
Nigerian Goat.
The Nigerian Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a small but highly productive dairy breed, known for its excellent milk yield relative to its size and its calm, gentle temperament.
These goats are adaptable to various climates and environments, making them easy to care for in diverse settings. Their milk is particularly valued for its high butterfat content, contributing to rich and creamy dairy products.
Key Characteristics:
- Size: Small
- Coat: Varies in colour and pattern
- Lifespan: 10-15 years
- Milk Production:
- Quantity: Impressive for their size
- Butterfat: High
In addition to their productivity, Nigerian Goats are low-maintenance and thrive with minimal care. Their friendly nature and compact size make them a popular choice for both dairy farming and as pets.
Nubian Goat.
The Nubian Goat, also from the species Capra aegagrus hircus, is easily recognized by its long, floppy ears and distinct convex facial profile. This breed is primarily kept for dairy production, particularly prized for its high butterfat milk.
Originally from the Middle East and North Africa, Nubian goats have become common in many regions due to their excellent adaptation to hot climates.
Key Characteristics:
- Ears: Long and pendulous
- Profile: Convex, resembling a Roman nose
- Coat: Short hair in a variety of colours
- Purpose: Dairy (notably high in butterfat)
Nubian goats are social animals, thriving in herds. Though they are primarily bred for livestock purposes, there is currently no official assessment of their conservation status.
Nematode.
Nematodes, commonly referred to as roundworms, are a diverse and abundant phylum vital to soil health and ecosystem stability. Recognized by their long, cylindrical shape, these organisms thrive in various environments, including both land and water habitats.
- Diet: Primarily decomposers, though some are parasitic
- Size: Generally microscopic, but size can vary greatly
- Reproduction: Both sexual and asexual modes
Studies suggest nematodes account for a large part of Earth’s biodiversity, with some estimates indicating that 80% of all animal species may be nematodes. They play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, though certain species are known to negatively affect human health by acting as parasites.
Nerka.
The Nerka, or sockeye salmon, is a species of salmon renowned for its vibrant red colour during spawning. These fish are anadromous, meaning they migrate from oceanic environments to freshwater rivers to reproduce. Their life cycle begins in freshwater, moves to the Pacific Ocean, and concludes with a return to rivers for spawning. Sockeye salmon are essential to local ecosystems and hold cultural significance for indigenous peoples.
- Habitat: Pacific Ocean, freshwater rivers for spawning
- Diet: Zooplankton and small fish
- Life Cycle: Anadromous, with distinct oceanic and freshwater phases
Conservation efforts are necessary for some populations, which are considered at risk, highlighting the importance of sustainable fishing and habitat protection.
Nettlefish.
Nettlefish, distinct from jellyfish, are a relatively obscure marine species. They are known for their venomous spines, which serve both as a defence mechanism against predators and a tool for hunting.
Typically found in tropical and subtropical waters, these creatures use camouflage to blend into sandy ocean floors, making them difficult to spot. Although information about their population is
limited, nettlefish face threats from overfishing and habitat destruction. Conservation and research efforts are vital, as these fish play a crucial role in maintaining marine ecosystems.
Nudibranch.
Nudibranchs are soft-bodied marine mollusks renowned for their vibrant colours and intricate patterns. These fascinating sea slugs inhabit a wide range of environments, from shallow coral reefs
to depths over 700 metres. With many species identified, nudibranchs have evolved unique features like toxic defences and gas-filled sacs that help them stay buoyant. Despite their varied habitats,
they share one common characteristic: all nudibranchs are benthic, meaning they crawl along the ocean floor, primarily feeding on sponges and other small marine creatures. Protecting their
ecosystems is essential, as the presence of nudibranchs is a strong indicator of underwater biodiversity health.
Naked Mole Rat.
The naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber), a burrowing rodent native to East Africa, stands out for its biological and behavioural peculiarities.
Known for its longevity, this species thrives in environments with high carbon dioxide and low oxygen levels, utilising fructose to survive in hypoxic conditions a unique trait among mammals.
Its eusocial structure is similar to that of insects like ants, featuring a colony with a queen and workers.
Naked mole rats are also of great interest to scientists because of their resistance to cancer, making them a focus of ongoing medical research.
Neanderthal.
Image 46
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis), a subspecies of archaic humans, lived across Eurasia and are well-known for their tool-making abilities and possible use of language.
Evidence suggests they may have engaged in ritualistic behaviours and produced some of the earliest known cave art.
Though they went extinct around 40,000 years ago, genetic research has revealed that Neanderthals contributed to the DNA of modern humans. Their adaptability to different environments highlights the complexity of human evolution.
Nebelung.
The Nebelung cat is a unique breed admired for its striking blue-grey fur and vivid green eyes. With a calm and graceful temperament, it resembles its ancestors, the Russian Blue.
Medium in size, this cat is known for being somewhat reserved, forming strong attachments to only a few individuals. Physically, the Nebelung has a long, slender build and thick, silky fur that benefits from regular grooming.
Quiet and gentle, it thrives in peaceful surroundings, building deep connections with its human companions. Like other domestic cats, it is an omnivore with standard dietary requirements. The Nebelung is not considered a conservation concern and remains a beloved companion animal.
Needlefish.
Needlefish (family Belonidae) are long, slender marine fish easily recognized by their extended jaws and sharp teeth.
They inhabit shallow waters in tropical and subtropical seas around the world, often feeding near the surface by targeting smaller fish, which they skillfully spear.
Classified as “Least Concern” in terms of conservation status, needlefish play an important role in the marine ecosystem. These fish are known for their agility and ability to leap out of the water, occasionally posing a hazard to boaters.
Needlefish reproduce by laying eggs that attach to floating debris using specialised tendrils. While they hold little commercial value, they are key contributors to the oceanic food web.
Neon Tetra.
The Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) is a striking freshwater fish native to the rivers of South America, particularly the Amazon Basin. Known for its iridescent blue body and vibrant red stripe,
this small fish grows to about 1.5 inches in length. In their natural habitat, Neon Tetras thrive in groups, exhibiting fascinating social behaviour and favouring dimly lit environments.
Habitat.
- Origin: Amazon River Basin
- Environment: Freshwater, primarily in blackwater streams
Characteristics.
- Size: Up to 1.5 inches
- Colour: Blue body with a red stripe
- Behaviour: Schooling fish
- Conservation Status: Least Concern
Neon Tetras are popular in home aquariums due to their peaceful temperament and ease of care. From a conservation perspective, they are classified as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, indicating that their wild populations remain stable.
Neptune Grouper (Cephalopholis igarashiensis).
The Neptune Grouper, known scientifically as Cephalopholis igarashiensis, is primarily found in the waters of Asia and Oceania. This striking fish, with its vibrant pink and yellow coloration, is classified as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List.
However, despite its conservation status, the Neptune Grouper is rarely seen due to its preference for deep reef habitats.
Belonging to the Serranidae family, which includes other groupers commonly found around coral and rocky environments, the Neptune Grouper feeds on smaller marine creatures within its ecosystem.
Classification:
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Actinopterygii
- Order: Perciformes
- Family: Serranidae
- Genus: Cephalopholis
- Scientific Name: Cephalopholis igarashiensis
Its deep-sea dwelling makes encounters with divers infrequent, adding to its mystery and appeal among marine biologists and ocean enthusiasts alike.
Nguni Cattle.
Native to Africa, Nguni cattle are easily recognized by their distinctive multi-colored coats and natural resistance to local diseases. A hybrid of Bos taurus and Bos indicus, these cattle have adapted to the African environment over thousands of years.
They play a vital role in the lives of the Nguni people, providing both cultural and economic value. Known for their resilience and efficient meat production,
Nguni cattle contribute significantly to sustainable farming practices. With a history spanning over 8,000 years, they continue to symbolise the strength and enduring heritage of African agriculture.
Nicobar Pigeon.
The Nicobar Pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica), known for its striking iridescent feathers, is the only surviving species in its genus, making it a unique figure in pigeon evolution. Found in regions of Southeast Asia and the Pacific,
including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, these birds prefer the dense forests of remote islands, where they can avoid predators. Their diet includes seeds, fruit, and small invertebrates, showcasing their omnivorous nature.
Currently listed as “Near Threatened” due to habitat destruction and predation by non-native species, conservation efforts are crucial to the survival of the Nicobar Pigeon.
Nigerian Goat.
The Nigerian Goat, a type of West African Dwarf goat, is well-suited to a range of habitats. Known for their resilience, these goats are highly social and typically found in herds. are characterised by their small, compact bodies and short height.
A unique feature of these goats is their reproductive cycle, as they are polyestrous, meaning they can breed throughout the year. Their gestation period is around 150 days.
Physical Characteristics:
- Size: Small, with a height not exceeding 23 inches
- Coat: Varies in colour; typically short and fine
- Habitat: Versatile, thriving in domestic settings across Africa and North America
- Diet: Herbivorous, primarily browsers
- Lifespan: Typically 10 to 15 years
- Uses: Nigerian Goats are prized for their milk, which is high in butterfat, making it ideal for cheese production. They are also valued for their meat and as companion animals.
Black-Crowned Night Heron.
The Black-Crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) is a medium-sized bird, reaching about two feet in height and weighing around two pounds. Unlike other herons, this species has shorter legs and a more compact body, without the characteristic long neck.
They are highly adaptable and can thrive in a variety of habitats across multiple continents, including Africa, North and South America, Asia, and Europe. These herons are nocturnal feeders, hunting primarily for aquatic prey. They are currently classified as Least Concern, meaning their populations are stable.
Nile Monitor.
The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) is a large and impressive lizard from the Varanidae family, inhabiting much of Sub-Saharan Africa and areas along the Nile River. As one of the world’s largest lizard species, it can grow up to 1.5 to 2.1 metres in length.
These reptiles are active during the day, often seen basking on riverbanks or hunting for a variety of prey, including fish, birds, and invertebrates.
Classified as “Least Concern,” the species enjoys a stable population, showcasing its adaptability and ecological success.
Nilgai.
The Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), belonging to the Bovidae family, is the largest antelope species in Asia. Male Nilgai, easily recognized by their striking blue-grey coats, are often referred to as “blue bulls.” In contrast, females and young have a tawny brown coat. As herbivores, Nilgai thrive in grasslands and woodlands, feeding on grasses, leaves, and fruits.
Habitat & Behavior:
- Location: Native to Asia, introduced to Texas, USA
- Social Structure: Females form herds, while males are often solitary or form small bachelor groups.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern: The Nilgai adapts well to human-altered environments, though habitat loss poses some risk.
Reproduction:
- Offspring: Known as calves
- Gestation Period: Around 258 days
No See Ums.
No See Ums, tiny flies from the Ceratopogonidae family, are found across various regions, including Africa and North America. With over 5,000 species worldwide, these resilient insects can adapt to different environments.
Known for their irritating bites, they feed on blood and are often found near water sources. Both their larval and adult stages thrive in moist environments.
Despite being a nuisance to humans, their conservation status is not a concern due to their large populations. No See Ums also play an important ecological role as prey for various animals, contributing to the food chain.
Norfolk Terrier.
The Norfolk Terrier is a small but sturdy breed from the Canidae family, originating in England. Known for their tough, wiry coats and affectionate temperament, these dogs stand no taller than 10 inches at the shoulder and weigh around 12 pounds. They thrive on a balanced omnivorous diet.
Key Characteristics:
- Size: Small, up to 10 inches tall
- Weight: Around 12 pounds
- Coat: Hard, wiry, straight
- Diet: Omnivore
While the breed does not have a conservation status, maintaining purebred standards is essential for preserving its lineage. The Norfolk Terrier’s charming personality and compact size make it an excellent companion dog.
Norrbottenspets.
The Norrbottenspets is a spitz-type dog breed originating from Sweden. Known for its compact and muscular build, this breed is alert and distinguished by its large ears and strong hunting instincts.
Males typically stand between 17 to 18 inches tall and weigh 24 to 33 pounds, while females, though similar in height, weigh slightly less at 18 to 26 pounds. The Norrbottenspets thrives in
wooded environments, using its sharp senses to track prey. When it detects game, it actively chases and corners it, using both its bark and agility to assist hunters in the capture.
North American Black Bear.
The North American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the smallest and most widespread bear species across North America. Classified as “Least Concern” in terms of conservation, its coat ranges in colour from black to cinnamon.
Black bears primarily feed on fruits, nuts, and small mammals, and their young are called cubs. This highly adaptable species can be found in a wide range of habitats, from dense forests to swamps.
With sixteen subspecies, including the Kermode, cinnamon, and glacier bears, differences in genetics and appearance are typically subtle. Their role within ecosystems helps maintain environmental balance.
Northern Inuit Do
The Northern Inuit Dog is known for its striking wolf-like appearance but is praised for its intelligent and friendly demeanour. These dogs usually weigh between 55 to 110 pounds and have a lifespan of 12 to 14 years.
They adapt well to family life and are especially suitable for homes with older children. Originating from breeds like German Shepherds and Siberian Huskies, the Northern Inuit Dog requires plenty of
exercise, thrives on human companionship, and benefits from consistent training. Although not officially recognized as a distinct breed, they are admired for their unique looks and loyal temperament.
Northern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria coerulea).
The Northern Alligator Lizard, found primarily in North America, belongs to the Anguidae family. It is easily identified by its long, slender body and short limbs.
Physical Characteristics:
- Colour: Ranges from brown to green, often with yellowish tones.
- Size: Typically measures between 3 to 7 inches in length.
Habitat:
- Prefers environments such as brushlands, forests, and grasslands.
Diet:
- Carnivorous, feeding on mealworms, crickets, and small rodents.
Conservation Status:
- Listed as ‘Least Concern’ due to its stable population.
Needlefish
Needlefish (family Belonidae) are slender, elongated fish found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. They are easily recognized by their long, beak-like jaws, which are lined with sharp teeth. Needlefish generally swim near the surface of the water, where they feed on smaller fish and crustaceans.
| Feature | Description |
| Habitat | Tropical/Subtropical oceans |
| Diet | Small fish, crustaceans |
| Reproduction | Lay eggs in shallow water |
These fish are known for their surface-dwelling habits and can even glide briefly above the water’s surface. During mating season, female needlefish lay eggs in shallow waters, where the eggs stick to underwater objects. From a conservation perspective, most needlefish species are considered to be of least concern, with stable populations across their range.
Neptune Grouper.
The Neptune Grouper (Cephalopholis igarashiensis) is known for its striking coloration, featuring a blend of vibrant pink and yellow shades. This marine species is part of the Serranidae family and primarily inhabits the waters of the Indo-Pacific. According to the IUCN Red List, it is classified as “Least Concern,” indicating a stable population that thrives in deep reef ecosystems.
Habitat:
- Location: Asia, Ocean, Oceania
- Environment: Deep reefs
Conservation Status:
- IUCN Red List: Least Concern
While the Neptune Grouper enjoys a stable population, its specialised habitats require ongoing monitoring to ensure that environmental changes do not pose a threat to its numbers.
Nurse Shark.
The Nurse Shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) is a bottom-dwelling species known for its sedentary behaviour, commonly found in the warm, shallow waters of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Characterised by their elongated bodies and rounded snouts, Nurse Sharks often rest on the ocean floor.
They have unique sensory adaptations, including barbels and whisker-like structures near their mouths, which help them detect prey such as squid and fish.
Despite their generally sluggish nature, their conservation status is concerning, as they are classified as “Near Threatened” due to habitat disruption and human activities.
